Health Psychology

Master of Science: Specialization in Health Psychology

This two-year, 39-credit program is designed for the  student  who wishes to obtain a research oriented graduate degree in the Behavioral Sciences. This program focuses on theory and research in Health Psychology. The program is intended to serve several populations including students who would like to continue graduate training in a research related behavioral sciences field, as well as individuals who require an advanced degree to further their careers. It should be noted that this program is not intended to lead to limited licensure as a clinician in Michigan.

The Program

The 39-credit program consists of 24 hours (8 courses) in core areas of Health Psychology. Students will complete either a 3 credit project or a 6 credit thesis under the supervision of program faculty. The remaining 9-12 credits will be composed of elective courses that focus on one or more content areas.

Admission and Prerequisites

Admission decisions are based upon applicants’ records of academic achievement, Graduate Record Examination (general test) scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements of education and career goals. More specifically a BA or BS in Psychology or a related major with a cumulative undergraduate GPA of at least 3.0 (4.0 scale) and a minimum GRE score (general test) of approximately 300 are required for admission. Students without undergraduate psychology degrees are welcome to apply but will need Introductory Psychology, Statistics, and Abnormal Psychology; undergraduate Health Psychology and Research Methods are strongly recommended.

Application instructions can be found at:  umdearborn.edu/gradapplynow

Each applicant should submit the following:

  1. Official transcripts from all universities attended.
  2. A 600-word statement of purpose describing the applicant’s personal history, educational and professional goals and personal objectives in pursuing the program.
  3. Three letters of recommendation. (at least 2 from academic sources).
  4. GRE Test Results (general test).
  5. Students whose native language is not English are also required to satisfy the English Language Requirements for Admission which can be found in the General Information section of this catalog.

For more information, call 313-583-6321 or visit the health psychology website.

Plan of Work

Students will be required to complete a plan of work during their first semester in the MS in Psychology: Specialization in Health Psychology program. The plan of work requires discussion between students and their program advisers. Copies will be retained by the student and the program director or program advisor.

Degree Requirements

To complete the degree program a minimum of 39 credits are required in the Behavioral Sciences. The following schedule provides the sequence of courses that students in the MS in Psychology: Specialization in Health Psychology program are expected to take. Although it is possible to take some of the courses out of sequence, many build on previous courses and all course schedules will need to be approved by the program director or your appointed program advisor.

Psychology Core Courses:
PSYC 557Advanced Health Psychology3
PSYC 575Bio Foundations of Health Psyc3
PSYC 5825Basic Methods Health Psych3
PSYC 5835Adv Methods Health Psych3
PSYC 593Ethical Issues3
Total Credit Hours15
Concentration in Health Psychology
HHS 512Principles of Epidemiology4
PAPP 583Program Evaluation3
or HHS 506 Program Evaluation
PSYC 584Research Methods in Beh Med3
Thesis/Project - Select from one of the following:
PSYC 697Health Psych Thesis Research6
PSYC 592Individual Research3
Health Psychology Electives - Select 9-12 credits from the following:
HHS 503Medical Information Systems3
HHS 515Healthcare Administration3
HHS 542Medical Ethics3
HHS 591Graduate Seminar3
PAPP 581Strategic Mgt for Pub Admin3
PSYC 507Psychology of Adolescence3
PSYC 523Multicultural Counseling3
PSYC 530Psychology in the Workplace3
PSYC 532Socialization of the Child3
PSYC 542Child Psychopathology3
PSYC 545Advanced Psychopathology3
PSYC 546Human Sexual Behavior3
PSYC 550Personality Theory3
PSYC 590Adv Topics in Psychology1-3
PSYC 592Individual Research1-3
SOC 504Dissed: Differ, Power, Discrim3
SOC 523American Social Classes3
SOC 540Medical Sociology3
SOC 546Marriage and Family Problems3
SOC 547Family Violence3
SOC 556Health Care and the Law3
SOC 565Deviant Behavior/Soc Disorganz3
SOC 569Juvenile Delinquency3
SOC 590Advanced Topics in Sociology3

Electives

If PSYC 697 (thesis, 6 credits) completed, then 9 credit hours of electives is required. If PSYC 592 (project, 3 credits) completed, then 12 credit hours of electives is required. Examples of elective courses that would fulfill program requirements include: Advanced Psychopathology (PSYC 545), Multicultural Counseling (PSYC 523), Human Sexual Behavior (PSYC 546), and Medical Sociology (SOC 540). Courses elected as an undergraduate at UM-Dearborn may not be taken for graduate credit. More information about the specific elective courses that will fulfill program requirements should be discussed with your program advisor or the program director each semester.

Thesis/Project Requirements

Students in the MS in Psychology: Specialization in Health Psychology program will complete either a 3 credit Project (PSYC 592) or a 6 credit master’s thesis (PSYC 697) during their second year.

Grade Requirements

The graduate grading system is intended to reflect higher standards of critical and creative scholarship than those applied at the undergraduate level. To receive a graduate grade in courses open to both undergraduate and graduate students, the graduate student is expected to do work of superior quality and is required to do additional work specified by the instructor. Graduate students are required to earn a B (3.0) average or higher to satisfy degree requirements.

Grades of C+ and below are unsatisfactory for graduate level work and constitute valid cause for dropping a student from the graduate program. To be awarded the MS in Psychology: Specialization in Health Psychology, a student must have achieved at least a 3.0 GPA (a B average). No more than two grades of C may be applied toward the MS in Psychology: Specialization in Health Psychology degree; grades of C- or lower will not be applied toward the MS in Psychology: Specialization in Clinical Health Psychology. Students who fail to maintain a 3.0 average or have more than two C or lower grades will be placed on academic probation for the term following the lapse. Upon the recommendation of the Program Director, a student may be granted an opportunity to correct the scholastic and/or academic deficiency. Students who fail to meet program requirements may be denied permission to register or may be required to withdraw from the program.

PSYC 505     Gender Roles     3 Credit Hours

This course will investigate the development of gender roles in childhood and adolescence due to either innate physiological differences or sociological patterning, the effect of gender roles upon male-female relationships within our society, and the possibility of transcending sociological gender roles in alternate modes of living. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version SOC 443. Students cannot receive credit for both SOC 443 and SOC 543. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or SOC 200 or SOC 201

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 507     Psychology of Adolescence     3 Credit Hours

Considers adolescence as an interaction of rapid biological and social change. Examines the theoretical and empirical literature in some detail. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 407. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 407 and PSYC 507. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 512     Psychology of Aging     3 Credit Hours

This course examines development of the individual from middle adulthood through old age. Special emphasis is given to the understanding of developmental theories and issues in adulthood. Topics include biological basis, socialization, family relationships, personality, and intellectual development in the aging individual. (F,W)

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Level is Graduate

PSYC 523     Multicultural Counseling     3 Credit Hours

This course will explore multicultural issues in counseling and clinical psychology. The central focus for this course will be ethnic and racial diversity, although attention will be given to gender, sexual orientation, age and socio-economic status as they relate to issues of diversity in counseling. Students will gain an appreciation of the complexities of the influence of culture on social, emotional, behavioral and cognitive development, and the major issues involved in assessment and treatment of diverse clients and their families. (F)

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 530     Psychology in the Workplace     3 Credit Hours

This course introduces students to some of the core content areas of Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychology. These content areas include: selection, training, performance appraisal, work teams, job design, motivation, leadership, union-management relations, and stress and health in the workplace. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 4305. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 4305 and PSYC 530. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or OB 354 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 531     Organizational Entry     3 Credit Hours

An in-depth consideration of the psychological aspects of the organizational entry process. Topics include recruitment, selection, orientation, socialization, and training. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 431 and PSYC 531. (OC).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170* or HRM 405* or PSYC 171*

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 540     Abnormal Psychology     3 Credit Hours

An introduction to the field of psychopathology, the study of mental disorders. Includes exposure to a number of historical and theoretical perspectives, each with their own theories, methodologies, and treatment approaches. Disorders covered will include: anxiety and mood disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, sexual disorders, and psychosomatic disorders. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 440. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 440 and PSYC 540. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 542     Child Psychopathology     3 Credit Hours

A review of the major psychological disorders of children from birth to adolescence. These disorders are considered from a clinical and theoretical point of view. In addition to an examination of causes, approaches to treatment and behavior modifications are considered. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 442. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 442 and PSYC 542. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 544     Personality Assessment     4 Credit Hours

This is a course in methods of assessing personality. The theory and methods of observation, interviewing, and psychological testing are discussed and then employed in brief, individually-designed studies. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 4445. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 4445 and PSYC 544. (AY).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 545     Advanced Psychopathology     3 Credit Hours

This course is designed for graduate students who require an advanced knowledge of psychological disorders and their diagnosis. Course content includes an overview of the symptoms, etiology, and treatment alternatives for major psychological disorders. The emphasis includes both an overview of research based knowledge and practical application of the current diagnostic system.

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate
Can enroll if Level is Graduate
Can enroll if College is Arts, Sciences, and Letters
Can enroll if Program is MS-Psychology

PSYC 546     Human Sexual Behavior     3 Credit Hours

A comprehensive review of facts about human sexuality. The emphasis is on psychological aspects of sex, but there is also a consideration of genetic, physiological, and anatomical aspects of sex, and contemporary issues. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 446. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 446 and PSYC 546. (AY).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 547     Therapeutic Intervention     4 Credit Hours

This course provides an introduction to the theories, practice, and ethical issues in clinical psychology. The emphasis is on the application of psychotherapeutic processes. Topics include ethical practices, formation of a therapeutic relationship, use of basic counseling skills, differing clinical orientations, and a review of relevant research. (W)

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate
Can enroll if Program is MS-Psychology

PSYC 548     Psychological Assessment I     4 Credit Hours

This course is the first of a two-course sequence for graduate students who require an advanced knowledge of psychological assessment. Course content includes an overview of interviewing, behavioral observations, and personality tests used in clinical practice. The emphasis includes both an overview of research-based knowledge and practical application of assessment techniques through supervised lab experience. Only individuals admitted to the Clinical Health Psychology program can enroll. (S,YR)

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 545

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Program is MS-Psychology

PSYC 549     Psychological Assessment II     4 Credit Hours

This course is the second of a two-course sequence designed for graduate students who require an advanced knowledge of psychological assessment. Course content includes an overview of tests and measures used in clinical practice, particularly those used in the assessment of intelligence, achievement, adaptive behavior, and child evaluation. The emphasis includes both an overview of research-based knowledge and practical application of assessment techniques through supervised lab experience. (F)

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 545

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 550     Personality Theory     3 Credit Hours

A comparative review and examination of leading theories of personality, their basic concepts, similarities and differences, applications in clinical psychology, in education, social planning and in research. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 450. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 450 and PSYC 550. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 552     Adv Tech in Therapeutic Inter     3 Credit Hours

This course introduces clinical health psychology graduate students to the theory and application of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness therapies. The course is aimed at providing students with a thorough understanding of the theory behind these modalities, as well as the experiential application of the associated therapy techniques in a clinical setting.

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 547

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Program is MS-Psychology

PSYC 555     Health Psychology     3 Credit Hours

A discussion of the research on health promotion, psychological factors in the development of illness, cognitive representations of health and illness, stress and coping, social support, nutrition and exercise. Focus will be on the factors related to the development and maintenance of optimal health. (YR).

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 557     Advanced Health Psychology     3 Credit Hours

This course will examine the research on psychological factors associated with the development and/or progression of illness, as well as psychological and social factors in health promotion. Topics include cognitive and social representation of health and illness, stress and coping, factors and interventions for behavioral change and the development of healthy lifestyles, and the treatment of psychological and behavioral risk factors for illness.

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Level is Graduate
Can enroll if Program is MS-Psychology

PSYC 561     Learning and Memory     3 Credit Hours

A consideration of major theories and research results related to learning and memory. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 461. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 461 and PSYC 561. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 563     Sensation and Perception     3 Credit Hours

Analysis of basic sensory and perceptual phenomena with a review of relevant behavioral and physiological literature. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 463. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 463 and PSYC 563. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 564     Applied Cognitive Psych     3 Credit Hours

The focus will be on the application of principles of cognitive psychology (defined broadly to include sensation and perception) to benefit the student in real-life settings. Specific areas might include human factors, retention, recall, attention, reasoning, problem-solving, decision making, reading, comprehension, learning, and language. (S,YR)

PSYC 565     Ind&Grp Tech in Cln Hlth Psyc     3 Credit Hours

An introduction to the variety of assessment and intervention procedures used by health psychologists in medical settings; issues in medical consultation and liaison. Techniques discussed fall in areas such as stress management, smoking cessation, weight management, and the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. The theoretical, conceptual, and empirical bases of intervention will be stressed. Prerequisites required or permission of instructor. Preference will be given to students enrolled in the Master of Science in Health Psychology Program. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 547

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 570     Advanced Physiological Psych     3 Credit Hours

Further study of the subject matter of PSYC 431. Advanced study of topics in the area of psychology. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 470. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 470 and PSYC 570. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 370

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 574     Animal Learning and Cognition     3 Credit Hours

Animal Intelligence involves the study of human and non-human animal behavior and cognition in an evolutionary and comparative framework. As an introduction to human and non-human animal cognition and though processes this course will examine topics such as problem-solving, spatial cognition, categorization, memory, number concepts, tool-use and tool-production, insight, imitation, social cognition, self-recognition and language(-like) behavior. In addition to discussing basic experimental findings about cognition in animals, an emphasis is placed on the logic and evidence used to justify theoretical conclusions. The course requires reading and critiquing original journal articles in addition to textbook chapters for foundational concepts.

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 372 or PSYC 363 or PSYC 461 or BIOL 419 or BIOL 456 or ANTH 336

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 575     Bio Foundations of Health Psyc     3 Credit Hours

Advanced study of the anatomical, physiological, and chemical correlates of behavior and mental processes, including the relationships among brain and body function/structure (neurochemistry, histology, anatomy), psychological variables (motor behavior, motivation, emotion, perception, learning, memory), health, and mental and physical illness. Integrates experimental and clinical research methodologies. Prerequisites or permission of instructor. Preference will be given to students enrolled in the Master of Science in Health Psychology Program. (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 555 or PSYC 455 or PSYC 557

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Junior or Senior or Graduate

PSYC 579     Psychopharmacology     3 Credit Hours

This course will provide students with an introduction to the use of psychotropic medications for the treatment of various mental health conditions. The course is designed to give students history and current knowledge of pharmacodynamics, therapeutic indication, side effects, and efficacy treatment. The course will also examine the ethical and societal factors that are involved in the use of psychotropic medications. (W, OC)

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 545 or PSYC 575

PSYC 5825     Basic Methods Health Psych     3 Credit Hours

This course assumes a basic background in statistics and methodology and builds from there, with special emphasis on methodological issues and statistical techniques appropriate to Health Psychology. Computer skills related to statistical packages, databases, etc. will be stressed. Specific methods and analyses include multiple regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA, factor analysis, power, validity, experimental design, placebo effects, and random sampling. Preference will be given to students enrolled in the Master of Science in Health Psychology Program. (F).

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Senior or Graduate

PSYC 5835     Adv Methods Health Psych     3 Credit Hours

As a continuation of PSYC 5825, this course assumes a more advanced background in statistics and methodology. The course focuses on methodological issues and statistical techniques appropriate to Health Psychology. Computer skills related to statistical packages, databases, etc. will be stressed. Specific methods and analyses include survey research, program evaluation, epidemiological research, qualitative research, MANCOVA, multiple regression, logistic regression, cluster analysis, and meta-analysis. Preference will be given to students enrolled in the Master of Science in Health Psychology Program. (F).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 5825

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Senior or Graduate

PSYC 584     Research Methods in Beh Med     3 Credit Hours

This course introduces graduate health psychology students to laboratory based research methods typically used in behavioral medicine. The focus is on laboratory methods of cardiovascular and pain research, specifically cardiovascular reactivity, heart rate variability, acute and chronic pain responses. The class also includes several special topics related to health psychology research (e.g., skin conductance, cortisol sampling, etc.). Students are responsible for physical implementation of research protocols, data analysis, and presentation of research findings. (W, YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 557

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Program is

PSYC 585     Psychology Internship     3 Credit Hours

The psychology internship offers experience in a wide variety of placements dealing with human services. These include programs related to child abuse, crisis intervention, developmental disabilities, geriatrics, human resources/staff development, probation departments, teenage runaways, substance abuse, and women's issues. The program involves training in listening and helping skills. Written permission of instructor is required. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version PSYC 485. (F,W).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or PSYC 101

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 588     Primatology Field Course     3 Credit Hours

This Primatology Field course will take students through an exploration of the scientific approach and methodology to the study of animal behavior. Students will gain experience in creating research projects and collecting data on free-ranging animals in a naturalistic environment. Preparation in lectures and activities on the campus of The University of Michigan-Dearborn will include learning about observational methods in detail, practicing developing ethograms and operational definitions, pilot data collection to modify the ethograms at the Detroit or Toledo Zoo, and use of GPS for data collection. Lecture materials will also cover topics of primate behavior and ecology. Students will spend a week observing a primate species (for example, one possible site for this field course may be to observe free-ranging lemurs at a reserve in Florida). Student’s data collection at the field site will be for five continuous days. This field course provides a unique opportunity to study rare and endangered primates species in a safe and accessible environment. Short day trips to other facilities are possible, such as a visit to an ape sanctuary. Topics covered in this field course include advanced observational methods stemming from the field of Ethology, practical development of ethograms (checksheets) and research design, best practices in GPS data collection methods, and collating and summarizing data on animal behavior into a research paper. Lecture topics will address ethological methods and research design and also how to conduct research with free-ranging nonhuman primates. In addition there will be a strong focus on health and safety precautions in the field for human and nonhuman primates, acclimation to the field site, and practicalities of data collection. For graduate credit on this course, extra journal articles and longer written papers required than for the undergraduate requirements.

Restriction(s):
Cannot enroll if Class is Freshman

PSYC 590     Adv Topics in Psychology     1 to 3 Credit Hours

This course provides an introduction to the field of psychoneuroimmunology. This area of study is concerned with the multidirectional communication between psychological processes such as stress or depression and central/peripheral nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system functioning. Ultimately, this field seeks to understand the relative contribution of psychological processes to traditional disease states (cardiovascular disease, pregnancy complications, etc). Students will learn the basic functioning of the immune system, and pathways via endocrine and nervous system functioning by which psychological processes influence immune functioning. Finally, students will learn the current state of research examining the relationship between psychological processes and disease outcomes. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 590 and PSYC 490.

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 455 or PSYC 555

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Junior or Senior or Graduate

PSYC 590E     Advanced Topics in Psychology     2 Credit Hours

topic: Research and Clinical Ethics. Provides graduate psychology students with extended examination of current inforrmation and decision making strategies on professional and ethical issues associated with service delivery, research, and teaching.

PSYC 592     Individual Research     1 to 3 Credit Hours

No more than 6 hours may be counted for concentration. Arrangements will be made for adequately prepared students to undertake individual research under the direction of a member of the staff. The students, in electing, should indicate the staff member with whom the work has been arranged. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate verion PSYC 492. Students cannot receive credit for both PSYC 492 and PSYC 592. (YR).

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 593     Ethical Issues     3 Credit Hours

Provides graduate psychology students with current information and decision making strategies on professional and ethical issues associated with service delivery, research, and teaching. (F,YR)

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 697     Health Psych Thesis Research     3 to 6 Credit Hours

Students electing the Thesis option in the last stage of the Master of Science in Health Psychology program will work under the general supervision of a member of the graduate faculty in the Behavioral Sciences Department but will plan and carry out the work independently. A prospectus for the thesis must be approved by the Master of Science in Health Psychology program director before the student registers for the course. The student will submit a report on the thesis and give an oral presentation to a panel of faculty members when the thesis is completed. (YR)

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Class is Graduate

PSYC 698     Pract. Clinical Health Psyc     3 to 6 Credit Hours

The Practicum in Clinical Health Psychology offers students supervised clinical experience in a variety of clinical health and human service settings. The practicum is designed for students in the MS in Clinical Health Psychology program who have completed all coursework related to clinical diagnoses, assessment and therapy. Written permission of instructor or Program Director required.

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 545 and PSYC 547 and PSYC 548 and PSYC 549 and PSYC 565 and PSYC 593

Restriction(s):
Can enroll if Program is MS-Psychology

*An asterisk denotes that a course may be taken concurrently.

Frequency of Offering

The following abbreviations are used to denote the frequency of offering: (F) fall term; (W) winter term; (S) summer term; (F, W) fall and winter terms; (YR) once a year; (AY) alternating years; (OC) offered occasionally